12 March 2025

Delirium is a sudden and severe change in mental state that can cause confusion, agitation, and memory problems. While it is more common in older adults, anyone can experience delirium, including younger patients, particularly those who are critically ill or recovering from surgery.

At Austin Health, we recently cared for Betty, 97, who developed delirium following a fall. Her daughter, Catherine, recalled how distressing it was to see her mother confused and agitated, "She was cranky and demanding, and we kept thinking, 'Oh, there’s something really wrong.' But the staff were so patient, even when she was disturbing others. They made sure she was comfortable, and the next day, after an infusion, she started improving."

Delirium can be frightening for families, who often feel like they are seeing a different person. As Catherine put it. "If you know the person, even with dementia, delirium is just different. I wouldn’t like her to experience it again."

Why does delirium awareness matter?

Delirium affects approximately 1 in 5 hospitalised patients and is the most common preventable cause of dementia. Despite this, mortality rates have not improved in 40 years, and there are currently no licensed treatments on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The economic burden is also significant, with delirium costing Australia an estimated $8.8 billion per year (Deloitte Access Economics).

Recognising and managing delirium early can make a significant difference in patient recovery. Dr. Sabrina Kohler, Consultant Geriatrician explains, "The first step in being able to care for someone with delirium is identifying delirium. Betty is one of our patients who was identified to have delirium on the background of her known cognitive impairment by the multidisciplinary team on Ward 10. By identifying this and ensuring a comprehensive review and care plan was developed to address any triggers and perpetuating factors, she was able to return to her baseline. This included reviewing her medications, nutrition, sleep habits, toileting habits and ensuring she had regular cognitive and social stimulation."

How can we help?

• Recognise the signs early – Delirium often presents as sudden confusion, hallucinations, restlessness, or extreme drowsiness.
• Provide reassurance – Familiar faces, a calm environment, and routine can make a difference.
• Prevent triggers – Keeping patients hydrated, managing pain, and reducing unnecessary medications can lower risk.

Today on World Delirium Awareness Day, let’s work together to improve detection, treatment, and support for those affected by delirium. By staying informed and vigilant, we can help patients like Betty recover and return to their best possible quality of life.